, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: d\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c kho\u00e1ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 gia. Tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 gia, m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 d\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1 (kho\u1ea3ng 70-80%). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1. S\u1ef1 th\u00eam v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ea7u trong t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/span><\/p>\nM\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c kh\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ma s\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ee1 c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng nh\u0169 h\u00f3a, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nM\u1ee1 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 khe h\u1edf, gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ly t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
<\/span>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\nC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- M\u1ee1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n \u0111a d\u1ee5ng:<\/b> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee1, tr\u1ee5c, ren v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/li>\n
- M\u1ee1 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t:<\/b> Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 luy\u1ec7n kim, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n
- M\u1ee1 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao:<\/b> Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn.<\/span><\/li>\n
- M\u1ee1 ch\u1ecbu n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a: <\/b>Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 oxy h\u00f3a. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/span><\/li>\n
- M\u1ee1 d\u00e0nh cho v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: <\/b>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao, c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1nh, ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/li>\n
- M\u1ee1 d\u00e0nh cho \u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1ef1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n:<\/b> Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec l\u1edbp m\u1ee1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee1, gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\n\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1ee1 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt cao nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- D\u00f9ng cho \u1ed5 tr\u1ee5c, v\u00f2ng bi v\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/li>\n
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1eaft g\u1ecdt v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t xi m\u0103ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
- D\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quay, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, ren v\u00e0 v\u00f2i phun c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1eaft th\u00e9p.<\/span><\/li>\n
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng bi m\u00f3c treo t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5n v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng rung c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/span><\/li>\n
- \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con l\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/li>\n
- D\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 bu l\u00f4ng, \u0111ai \u1ed1c, \u1ed1ng l\u00f3t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00e1y n\u00e2ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/li>\n
- B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, nh\u01b0 trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec7n, khai kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n kim.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>B\u00e1o gi\u00e1 m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\nB\u00e1o gi\u00e1 m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1edfi th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u, ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i hay s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mua h\u00e0ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\nM\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/p>\nD\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c: <\/b>D\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfm t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng, d\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\nCh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c: <\/b>Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1. Lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m lithium, calcium, aluminum, v\u00e0 polyurea.<\/span><\/p>\nH\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 gia:<\/b> H\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1, bao g\u1ed3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n, ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc. S\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 gia c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1.<\/span><\/p>\n=> Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. M\u1ee1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\nS\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 m\u1ee1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/p>\n