\u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\nB\u00f4i tr\u01a1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/b><\/p>\n
Nh\u1edbt \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed. Th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1edbt, g\u00e2y ra ma s\u00e1t, m\u00f2n l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y.<\/span><\/p>\nL\u00e0m m\u00e1t<\/b><\/p>\n
Nh\u1edbt gi\u00fap l\u00e0m m\u00e1t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 do ma s\u00e1t t\u1ea1o ra. Khi nh\u1edbt m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y.<\/span><\/p>\nCh\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/b><\/p>\n
Nh\u1edbt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a, gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a oxy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i. Khi nh\u1edbt b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 c\u0169, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m, l\u00e0m cho m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng.<\/span><\/p>\nTi\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/p>\n
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1edbt m\u1edbi, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed. Nh\u1edbt c\u0169 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/p>\nB\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed<\/b><\/p>\n
Thay nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed kh\u1ecfi h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c, s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng thay nh\u1edbt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c cho s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\nTu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/b><\/p>\n
Thay nh\u1edbt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\nThay <\/span>nh\u1edbt m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed (d\u1ea7u m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed)<\/b> \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00e1y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c. Thay nh\u1edbt n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>II. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean thay d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt cho m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed khi n\u00e0o?<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\nHi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t k\u00e9m<\/b><\/p>\n
Khi m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 m\u00e1y g\u1eb7p s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t c\u1ee5m v\u00f2ng bi, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u1ee5m v\u00f2ng bi b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao.<\/span><\/p>\nD\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/b><\/p>\n
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea7n thay b\u1eb1ng lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/span><\/p>\nNgo\u00e0i ra, khi thay d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt cho m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau:<\/b><\/p>\n\n- Ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u nh\u1edbt h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/li>\n
- X\u1ea3 h\u1ebft d\u1ea7u c\u0169 trong b\u1ed3n t\u00e1ch d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed, b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh d\u1ea7u, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc d\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 th\u00e2n m\u00e1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thay d\u1ea7u m\u1edbi.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thay d\u1ea7u h\u00e3y v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e1y trong 5 ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ea7u t\u0103ng cao, ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng b\u00ean trong m\u00e1y.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Khi thay d\u1ea7u, c\u1ea7n th\u00e1o c\u00e1c ch\u1ed1t x\u1ea3 d\u1ea7u, l\u1eafp c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan theo \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Th\u1eddi gian thay d\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u thay d\u1ea7u sau 500 gi\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed7i 1000 gi\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 sau m\u1ed7i 2000 gi\u1edd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>III. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1edbt m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed ki\u1ec3u quay v\u00e0 piston t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t<\/b><\/span><\/h2>\nL\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i <\/span>nh\u1edbt m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed<\/b> t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed ki\u1ec3u quay, piston ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Nh\u1edbt m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed ki\u1ec3u quay<\/b> (g\u1ed3m tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh g\u1ea1t)<\/i><\/b><\/span><\/h3>\nD\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cho m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed ki\u1ec3u quay (Shell Corena S4 <\/b>R<\/i><\/b>)<\/b><\/p>\n
D\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t cho m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, th\u1ea5p gi\u00fap l\u00e0m m\u00e1t, n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. D\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng.
<\/span><\/p>\nD\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng cho m\u00e1y kh\u00ed ki\u1ec3u quay (Shell Corena S3 <\/b>R<\/i><\/b>)<\/b><\/p>\n
S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea7u m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed mang l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n cao c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed ki\u1ec3u quay (c\u00e1nh g\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee5c v\u00edt). D\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 gia ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o cho c\u00e1c m\u00e1y n\u00e9n kh\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed ra t\u1edbi 100\u00baC v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t t\u1edbi 20 bar, th\u1eddi gian thay d\u1ea7u l\u00ean t\u1edbi 6000 gi\u1edd. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n theo l\u1ecbch b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y.
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