<\/span><\/h3>\nM\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t cao. Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 hao m\u00f2n do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n<\/span>2. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/span><\/h3>\nTrong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00e9p, nh\u00f4m, v\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ec9 s\u00e9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n
<\/span>3. C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/h3>\nTrong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady cao nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y bay v\u00e0 t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>II. M\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\nM\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao ho\u1eb7c \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao. Lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<\/span>1. B\u00f4i tr\u01a1n<\/span><\/h3>\nM\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. M\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t v\u00e0 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c.<\/p>\n
<\/span>2. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxi h\u00f3a<\/span><\/h3>\nNhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. M\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<\/span>3. Ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/span><\/h3>\nTrong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n, m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> cung c\u1ea5p l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<\/span>4. Duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/h3>\nM\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c.<\/p>\n
<\/span>5. Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hao m\u00f2n<\/span><\/h3>\nB\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u1ecfi m\u00e0i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 oxi h\u00f3a, m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hao m\u00f2n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n
<\/span>6. T\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/span><\/h3>\nB\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c do nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n
<\/span>7. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n<\/span><\/h3>\nTrong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>III. M\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u00ec?<\/span><\/h2>\n<\/span>1. D\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n
<\/span>2. Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh nh\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c cho m\u1ee1, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bao g\u1ed3m li\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c polyme \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n
<\/span>3. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n
<\/span>4. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n<\/span><\/h3>\n\u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/span>5. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n<\/span><\/h3>\nNh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e1m b\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n m\u1ee1 b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n
<\/span>6. Ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n<\/span><\/h3>\nTrong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u0103n m\u00f2n, m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
<\/span>IV. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/h2>\nM\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n<\/span>1<\/strong>. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n<\/span><\/h3>\n\n- M\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng l\u00e0m d\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 gia ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
- M\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p: <\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m d\u1ea7u g\u1ed1c, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u kho\u00e1ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t<\/span><\/h3>\n\n- M\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng: <\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i cao, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 cao.<\/li>\n
- M\u1ee1 b\u00f2 ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao: <\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c pha ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n